European Accessibility Act Compliance in Romania

The law applies to products placed on the market and services provided to consumers after 28 June 2025. It covers e-commerce, consumer banking, e-books and dedicated software, electronic communications, access to audiovisual media services and parts of air, rail, water and bus passenger transport, together with a defined list of consumer hardware and self-service terminals. Article 2(1) and (2) list the products: consumer general purpose computer hardware and its operating systems, consumer terminal equipment used for electronic communications or for access to audiovisual media services, e-readers, and self-service payment terminals, which for the provision of services means ATMs, ticketing machines, check-in machines and interactive self-service terminals providing information.

Article 2(3) lists the services: electronic communications other than machine-to-machine transmission, services giving access to audiovisual media services, servicii bancare destinate consumatorilor (consumer banking services), e-books and dedicated software, and servicii de comerț electronic (e-commerce services). Article 3(1) point 22 defines e-commerce services as services provided at a distance, through websites and mobile device-based services, by electronic means and at the individual request of a consumer with a view to concluding a consumer contract. Article 2(4) covers the websites, mobile services, electronic tickets and ticketing services, travel information and interactive self-service terminals of air, rail, water and bus passenger transport, and for urban and suburban services and regional services only the self-service terminals. Article 2(5) adds the answering of emergency communications to 112.

Article 2(6) leaves out pre-recorded time-based media and office files published before 28 June 2025, online maps whose essential navigation information is provided in an accessible digital format, third-party content that the business did not fund or develop and does not control, and archived content not updated or edited after 28 June 2025. Article 4(4) also requires the built environment used by customers of the covered services to meet the requirements in Annex 3, an option the Directive leaves to each Member State.

Article 4(5) exempts a microîntreprindere that provides services from the accessibility requirements referred to in Article 4(3) and from any obligation relating to compliance with them. Article 3(1) point 12 defines a microenterprise as an enterprise with fewer than 10 employees whose annual turnover or annual balance sheet total does not exceed the lei equivalent of EUR 2 million. The cross-reference differs from the Directive. In the Romanian text, Article 4(3) is the rule for urban and suburban services and regional services, and the general rule for services sits in Article 4(1), while in the Directive, Article 4(3) sets the requirements for all services. The exemption applies only to microenterprises that provide services, so one that deals in covered products keeps its product obligations, although Article 14(4) relieves it of keeping the results of its Article 14(2) assessment for five years.

Public-sector websites and mobile applications fall under Ordonanța de urgență a Guvernului nr. 112/2018 on the accessibility of public sector websites and mobile applications, which Article 2(7) names as supplementing this law.

Legea nr. 232/2022 privind cerințele de accesibilitate aplicabile produselor și serviciilor (Law no. 232/2022 on accessibility requirements applicable to products and services), adopted by the Parlamentul României and promulgated by presidential decree no. 1007 of 19 July 2022. It was published in Monitorul Oficial al României no. 743 of 25 July 2022, and its closing clause states that it transposes Directive (EU) 2019/882. Article 30 puts it into force on 28 June 2025, except Article 4(8) on the answering of emergency communications to 112, which enters into force on 28 June 2027. The accessibility requirements sit in Annex 1, the built environment requirements in Annex 3, the information a service provider has to publish in Annex 5 and the disproportionate burden criteria in Annex 6.

Romania also notified the Commission of Legea nr. 198/2022, published in Monitorul Oficial al României no. 681 of 7 July 2022. It inserted Article 50^8 into Ordonanța de urgență a Guvernului nr. 111/2011 privind comunicațiile electronice, under which the pre-contractual and contract information required by that section of the ordinance is made available, on request, in a format accessible to end users with disabilities. Both measures were published after 28 June 2022, the date by which Article 31(1) of the Directive required transposing measures to be adopted and published. The Commission sent Romania a letter of formal notice for non-communication, INFR(2022)0321, on 19 July 2022 and closed the case on 12 March 2025.

Legea nr. 232/2022 names neither EN 301 549 nor a WCAG level. Article 15 presumes that products and services meeting the national standards of other EU Member States that adopt harmonised standards, or parts of them, conform to the accessibility requirements to the extent those standards cover them, and gives products and services meeting technical specifications the same presumption. Article 3(1) points 34 and 35 define technical specifications and harmonised standards by reference to Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012. Point 2 of Annex 5 lets a service provider apply harmonised standards and technical specifications, in whole or in part, when it prepares the information on how its service complies.

The practical reference for websites and apps is the European standard EN 301 549. EN 301 549 V3.2.1 applies the WCAG 2.1 level AA success criteria to web content. EN 301 549 V4.1.1, which adopts WCAG 2.2 AA, was published on 2 September 2026 and is not yet cited in the Official Journal.

Article 19(1) designates the market surveillance authorities by sector. The Autoritatea pentru Digitalizarea României (ADR, Romanian Digitalisation Authority) supervises e-commerce services and e-books with their dedicated software, and also the websites and mobile services of passenger transport. The Autoritatea Națională pentru Protecția Consumatorilor (ANPC, National Authority for Consumer Protection) supervises consumer banking services and the covered products other than self-service terminals. The Ministerul Economiei supervises self-service payment terminals and transport e-ticketing, a role that Hotărârea Guvernului nr. 189/2025 assigns to the Ministerul Economiei, Digitalizării, Antreprenoriatului și Turismului. The Autoritatea Națională pentru Administrare și Reglementare în Comunicații (ANCOM) supervises electronic communications and the Consiliul Național al Audiovizualului (CNA) access to audiovisual media services. The Ministerul Transporturilor și Infrastructurii covers transport information and transport self-service terminals, and the Consiliul Concurenței is designated for Article 4(7), on informing businesses about the indicative examples in Annex 2.

Under Article 27(5)(d) ADR's control bodies establish the offences and apply the fines for e-commerce, and the other points of Article 27(5) give the same task to the authorities for the other products and services. Article 23(1) requires each authority to set, by an administrative act of its head, procedures for checking services and for monitoring complaints or reports about non-compliant services. Under Article 26(1) a consumer can take a breach to court or to the competent authority, and public bodies, associations, organisations or other private legal entities can act on behalf of or in support of a complainant with that person's consent. ADR's contact page lists contact@adr.gov.ro for public relations and for requests for information of public interest. ANPC and CNA each run an online complaints portal, and ANCOM takes complaints about electronic communications services through an online form.

Under Article 27(1) the listed breaches are contravenții (administrative offences), unless committed in circumstances that make them criminal offences, and they are punished with fines in lei. A service provider faces 6,000 to 12,000 lei for breaching the duty in Article 13(1) to design and provide services that meet the accessibility requirements, 7,000 to 15,000 lei for breaching the information duties in Article 13(2)(a) to (d) or the duty in Article 13(2)(e) to inform the authorities of non-compliance and correct it, 6,000 to 12,000 lei for lacking the procedures that Article 13(3) requires to keep the service compliant, and 5,000 to 10,000 lei for failing to give information to or cooperate with the authorities under Article 13(2)(f) and (g). The highest fine for a service provider under Article 27(1) is therefore 15,000 lei.

Product fines under Article 27(1)(a) to (e) range from 5,000 to 15,000 lei, and improper affixing of the conformity marking carries 2,500 to 5,000 lei under Article 27(3). With the fine, Article 27(2) lets the inspecting officer propose a complementary measure, which for a service provider can be suspension or withdrawal of the permits it needs to carry on its activity for as long as the non-compliant practice lasts. Under Article 27(7) the general rules of Ordonanța Guvernului nr. 2/2001 privind regimul juridic al contravențiilor apply to these offences.